The benefits of serum alpha fetoprotein and abdominal sonography as screening instruments for HCC have not been studied in kids. Some specialists will carry out periodic sonographic screening at outlined intervals (every 2--5 years) in kids with chronic HCV infection; others will do these tests solely in those with superior liver illness and/or rising serum alpha fetoprotein concentrations (748). The danger for HCC in HCV-infected children, with or with out HIV infection, is just not identified. Some experts continue to carry out serial HCV RNA testing at 6- to 12-month intervals for an extra 1--5 years to exclude late virologic relapse. Decreases in HCV RNA ≥2 logs below the baseline during the primary 12 weeks of therapy constitute an early virologic response (730). A sustained virologic response is outlined as absence of detectable HCV RNA utilizing an HCV RNA assay with a decrease restrict of detection of ≥50 IU/mL at 24 weeks after antiviral treatment ends.